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Snake extract–laden hemostatic bioadhesive gel cross-linked
Bioadhesives reduce operation time and surgical complications. However, in the presence of blood, adhesion strength is often compromised. Inspired by the blood clotting activity of snake venom, we report a visible light–induced blood-resistant hemostatic adhesive (HAD) containing gelatin methacryloyl and reptilase, which is a hemocoagulase (HC) extracted from Bothrops atrox. HAD leads to the activation and aggregation of platelets and efficiently transforms fibrinogen into fibrin to achieve rapid hemostasis and seal the tissue. Blood clotting time with HAD was about 45 s compared with 5 to 6 min without HAD. HAD instantaneously achieved hemostasis on liver incision (~45 s) and cut rat tail (~34 s) and reduced blood loss by 79 and 78%, respectively. HAD is also efficient in sealing severely injured liver and abdominal aorta. HAD has great potential to bridge injured tissues by combing hemostasis with adhesives.To get more news about Hemostatic Gauze, you can visit rusunmedical.com official website.
There has been considerable interest in bioadhesives for tissue repair and sealing (1–5). Compared with sutures, tissue adhesives reduce operation time and alleviate surgical complications (6–8). Bioadhesives can be categorized into two classes: (i) synthetic adhesives, such as cyanoacrylates and polyethylene glycol–based adhesives; and (ii) naturally derived adhesives based on fibrin, polysaccharides, albumin, and gelatin (9). Synthetic adhesives can be optimized to the desired properties, but there are concerns about their biocompatibility and toxicity. For example, cyanoacrylates, once initiated by water, will undergo rapid polymerization to form a bonding network with the tissue surface to achieve a rapid and strong adhesive interface. However, potential toxicity limits their use because the degradation of cyanoacrylates would release histotoxic components (cyanoacetate and formaldehyde) and causes inflammatory responses (10, 11).
Natural bioadhesives have excellent biocompatibility, but they often have low mechanical integrity and adhesion. Prepared from a number of components produced from pooled human plasma, fibrin glue has excellent properties such as supporting cell growth and biocompatibility, but its poor mechanical strength is still a limitation (7). Typically, the bioadhesion between adhesives and tissues is accomplished via chemical bonds (covalent bonds and ionic bonds) or physical interactions (including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, metal complexation, and π-π stacking). Bioinspired adhesive architectures are also designed by simulating animals such as gecko lizards, beetles, endoparasites, octopi, and slugs. For example, a tissue adhesive in the form of dry double-sided tape that can form a tough and strong adhesive in seconds by removing interfacial water from the surface, followed by covalent cross-linking with tissue is reported (2).
A photocrosslinked biodegradable elastomer having immobilized type I collagen enhanced in vitro cellular attachment and proliferation (12). A bioinspired adhesive by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, and physical interpenetration and amplified energy dissipation achieved tough adhering to the substrate (1). Although progress has been made toward improved bioadhesives, bonding failure at the tissue interface during bleeding is detrimental because bleeding weakens the adhesive interaction with adjacent tissues (13–15). Bleeding due to injury, trauma, and surgical procedures is a primary issue leading to morbidities and mortality (16–18). Compressible hemorrhage happens in accessible sites such as the extremities, where physical pressure or stress can be applied to alleviate severe bleeding scenarios. In general, death from compressible hemorrhage can be avoidable by rapid hemostasis. However, a noncompressible hemorrhage is found in nonaccessible sites where surgical intervention is needed for hemostasis. Noncompressive hemorrhage is the main cause of death on battlefields and in civilian traumatic injuries (19). Therefore, wound closure and hemostasis become a key bioadhesive design goal to avoid blood leakage to maintain adhesive strength and save lives (20, 21).
FIRST AID KITS FOR UKRAINE
Just back from his second solo mission on behalf of his relief effort, First Aid Kits for Ukraine, Steven Palmer, Director of Corporate Relations at MIT, will share how this grass roots initiative for the medical community in Ukraine, grew to involve church officials, ambassadors, law enforcement, and economic policy makers, and how a former intelligence officer in the US Government now finds himself, he now finds himself inserted into the middle of the war, connecting ground truth to decision makers.To get more news about First Aid Kits, you can visit rusunsafety.com official website.
Moderated by GCNYC alumna, Charcy Evers, join us for an evening of insight and inquiry into Ukraine and see how a ripple of individual impact, can swell into collective action.
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Application and outlook of topical hemostatic materials
Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China; 2School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; 4Department of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.To get more news about Bleeding Control Products, you can visit rusunmedical.com official website.
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: X Li, X Li; (II) Administrative support: X Li; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: X Li; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.
Abstract: Bleeding complications can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in both civilian and military conditions. The formation of stable blood clots or hemostasis is essential to prevent major blood loss and death from excessive bleeding. However, the body's self-coagulation process cannot accomplish timely hemostasis without the assistance of hemostatic agents under some conditions. In the past two decades, topical hemostatic materials and devices containing platelets, fibrin, and polysaccharides have been gradually developed and introduced to induce faster or more stable blood clot formation, updating or iterating traditional hemostatic materials. Despite the various forms and functions of topical hemostatic materials that have been developed for different clinical conditions, uncontrolled hemorrhage still causes over 30% of trauma deaths across the world. Therefore, it is important to fabricate fast, efficient, safe, and ready-to-use novel hemostatic materials. It is necessary to understand the coagulation process and the hemostatic mechanism of different materials to develop novel topical hemostatic agents, such as tissue adhesives and sealants from various natural and synthetic materials. This review discusses the structural features of topical hemostatic materials related to the stimulation of hemostasis, summarizes the commercially available products and their applications, and reviews the ongoing clinical trials and recent studies concerning the development of different hemostatic materials.
What's in an Army first aid kit?
While the media focus on "smart bombs" and remote-controlled drones, the ravages of war are still a harrowing reality for U.S. Army soldiers. In Afghanistan, Iraq and other global hot spots, frontline soldiers face life-threatening injuries. But until the turn of the century, soldiers were barely equipped to deal with their wounds.To get more news about Military Hemostasis, you can visit rusunsafety.com official website.
"While we have made tremendous advances in modern medicine, we have not figured out how to keep people from being killed in combat," wrote retired Lt. Col. Donald Parsons in a 2004 issue of Infantry magazine.
Roughly 90 percent of soldiers killed in ground combat die before reaching medical facilities. Parsons, who served 30 years as an Army Special Forces medic and physician's assistant, and now works in the Army's Department of Combat Medic Training, says many deaths can be prevented through improved training and first aid gear.
The three leading causes of preventable battlefield death are blood loss from extremity wounds, collapsed lungs and obstructed airways. The Army's Improved First Aid Kit, or IFAK, is designed to address those immediate needs.
Developed since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, IFAKs are issued to every combat soldier. More streamlined than a full Army medic kit, the individual IFAK is a lightweight collection of supplies designed to limit many combat injuries that can often be applied by the injured solider.
"What soldiers used to carry was just a pressure dressing," said Major Kenneth Koyle, deputy chief of the Army Medical Department's Center of History and Heritage at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. "So if you got shot, you had one course of action, and that was to tie a bandage around it. That was the case up until shortly after 9/11. Then the IFAK came out. The kits have definitely evolved."
Today's Army IFAK weighs less than a pound (0.45 kilogram) and features a one-handed tourniquet (enabling self-application), a nasopharyngeal airway tube, elastic emergency trauma bandages (or "Israeli pressure dressing"), hemostatic combat gauze, adhesive tape and surgical gloves. All items are contained in a compact, folding kit that slides into a water-repellent pouch.
The Army IFAK shouldn't be confused with similarly named first aid kits from other branches of the armed services. The Marine IFAK is much more comprehensive, with a larger array of adhesive and compression bandages, burn dressing, iodine solution, antibiotic ointment, water-purification tablets and "quikclot" packets.
Safety org urges employers to update first aid kits
Employers should make changes to workplace first aid kits, the International Safety Equipment Association recommended April 18, announcing that its standard for such kits has been approved by the American National Standards Institute. The standard takes effect Oct. 15.To get more news about First Aid Kits, you can visit rusunsafety.com official website.
The new standard adds the inclusion of a foil blanket, adds specificity for tourniquets and provides additional guidance on designated bleeding control kits, according to ISEA. The standard also includes an enhanced workplace hazard assessment, which ISEA described as “a more robust discussion” of potential risks, hazards and a selection of additional first aid supplies needed for a particular application or work environment.
“Employers should begin to check their first aid cabinets against the new standard, and make the recommended changes,” Todd VanHouten, director of product development and innovation at Cintas First Aid & Safety and chair of the ISEA First Aid Product Group, said in a statement.
While ISEA and ANSI are not government entities, their standards have been cited by both the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration as well as state occupational safety and health plans when drafting requirements and guidance, said Alka Ramchandani-Raj, shareholder at Littler Mendelson and co-chair of the firm’s workplace safety and health practice.
In its best practices guide on workplace first aid programs, for example, OSHA cited ANSI’s minimum requirements for workplace first aid kits, and the agency said the kits described therein were “suitable for small businesses.” Larger employers, OSHA said, “should determine how many first-aid kits are needed, and if it is appropriate to augment the kits with additional first-aid equipment and supplies.”
Ramchandani-Raj pointed to two changes made in the most recent first aid kit standard that she said were of most interest to employers. The first is the standard’s guidance on bleeding control kits; other than a small change in 2015, “we haven’t seen a lot of development in that area,” Ramchandani-Raj said.
The second — and the one that may have more of an impact for employers — is the enhanced workplace hazard assessment, Ramchandani-Raj continued. If OSHA or state plans were to adopt an enhanced assessment standard, that could mean that employers would need to have more detailed discussions about their kits and necessary supplemental supplies and materials, she said.
This, in turn, could lead to increased costs for employers, especially for employers operating large numbers of facilities, each of which may require specific additional kit materials and supplies to address specific threats, Ramchandani-Raj said.
Aside from these concerns, though, the updated standard may reiterate the need for employers to check up on safety protocols. “I think employers should keep in mind that some of these things, like first aid kits, need to be replenished, replaced and should be monitored,” Ramchandani-Raj said. “When you see a standard like this come out, it refreshes that standpoint about how safety issues can occur in any facility.”