User blogs
There's a huge following recently on tungsten jewelry. No matter which
engraving option one chooses, the engraving will be permanent and last
forever, as opposed to engraving on other softer metals, such as
platinum and gold, which can easily be scratched off over a short period
of time from normal everyday wear.tungsten carbide
Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of the British but came under the control of the Japanese after the gruelling Battle of Hong Kong drew to a close on Christmas Day of 1941 when the Japanese troops landed in Hong Kong and a vicious slaughter ensued.
A few years ago, the process of creating tungsten carbide rings requires some extensive technology due to the complex characteristics of the tungsten metal. Avoid using jewelry cleaning solutions as they are usually formulated for other metals and they may contain chemicals not suitable for cleaning tungsten.
In addition to that, tungsten is also relatively less pricey than gold and titanium, and many tungsten jewelry pieces are cobalt-free so that they do not irritate the skin of whoever is wearing it. Paraguay gave serious thought to joining the war on Germany's side, however, Franklin Roosevelt managed to avoid this happening by bribing them with aid and military hardware in 1942.
The superior features of the tungsten carbide wedding bands mean that you do not have to take them off if you engage in sports, manual labor, or other activities that could damage rings made of traditional metals, which you have to take off to prevent any damage.
Winston Churchill called it "the most dangerous moment" of World War II, as the Japanese fleets intention was to have a surprise attack on the British fleet. The United States joined the Allies in December 1941 after the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, Hawaii when the war on Japan was declared by Congress on 8th December 1941.
The only suitable metal object I could find was a preserving pan, where I could cut a six inch hole in the bottom and use the disc I cut out at the deflector at the top for the beauty dish and spray-painting the insides with silver car spray-paint for the reflective surface.
France was led in exile by the arrogant and selfish Charles de Gaulle and liberated by the combined forces of the Allies in 1944 and the French Fourth Republic became a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations and founding member of NATO after the war.
Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of the British but came under the control of the Japanese after the gruelling Battle of Hong Kong drew to a close on Christmas Day of 1941 when the Japanese troops landed in Hong Kong and a vicious slaughter ensued.
A few years ago, the process of creating tungsten carbide rings requires some extensive technology due to the complex characteristics of the tungsten metal. Avoid using jewelry cleaning solutions as they are usually formulated for other metals and they may contain chemicals not suitable for cleaning tungsten.
In addition to that, tungsten is also relatively less pricey than gold and titanium, and many tungsten jewelry pieces are cobalt-free so that they do not irritate the skin of whoever is wearing it. Paraguay gave serious thought to joining the war on Germany's side, however, Franklin Roosevelt managed to avoid this happening by bribing them with aid and military hardware in 1942.
The superior features of the tungsten carbide wedding bands mean that you do not have to take them off if you engage in sports, manual labor, or other activities that could damage rings made of traditional metals, which you have to take off to prevent any damage.
Winston Churchill called it "the most dangerous moment" of World War II, as the Japanese fleets intention was to have a surprise attack on the British fleet. The United States joined the Allies in December 1941 after the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, Hawaii when the war on Japan was declared by Congress on 8th December 1941.
The only suitable metal object I could find was a preserving pan, where I could cut a six inch hole in the bottom and use the disc I cut out at the deflector at the top for the beauty dish and spray-painting the insides with silver car spray-paint for the reflective surface.
France was led in exile by the arrogant and selfish Charles de Gaulle and liberated by the combined forces of the Allies in 1944 and the French Fourth Republic became a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations and founding member of NATO after the war.
How to Be Safe Online — In Public Places
Most people llike going online at the local coffee shop, the airport or the hotel lobby; but most people don't know that going on the Internet in those places (called "hotspots") isn't as secure as you might think—or as safe as you need it to be.
The reason? A public Wi-Fi/wireless connection is designed to provide an easy way for anyone in the immediate area who wants to go online to do so. To make that happen, the security measures are a lot lower. In a lot of places you don't need a password; at other places, there might be a password, but just about anyone can get it.
What's a hotspot? A hotspot is any location where a wireless network (also called Wi-Fi) provides Internet access to the public—places like airports, hotels and coffee shops. Hotspots have grown in number, and grown more important, as more people have shifted to laptops and smartphones.
Are you always at risk?
The answer is yes, and no. If you're online in a coffee shop, surfing away without much concern about security, you're safe if everyone else online there is a nice person and just enjoying free Internet. (And quite honestly, that could often be the case.)
But that all changes for the worse if there's just one person logged into that same wireless network who is 1) savvy about network security (or the lack of it) and 2) actively preying on people who don't know their information is up for grabs. It's not personal; it's simply fun and games for them.
Make no mistake about it: there ARE a lot people who think it's okay to intrude on your privacy and see what you're doing online. Some snoops do it with computer technology; others will actually (and quietly) video your computer usage with their smartphone!
Here's what it comes down to: if there's a Wi-Fi snooper nearby, most anything you do online can be seen and captured by his or her computer. Your Google searches, your usernames, your private emails... it's all out there for the taking. So, if you sit down at the wrong place and at the wrong time, and you might be telling your secrets to the nice looking young man (or lady) next to you.
How to protect yourself.
With your personal information and privacy at risk, her are some tips for what you should and shouldn't do when you're online at a public hotspot.
Name that Wi-Fi. This is important. In a hotspot, be suspicious of wireless networks on your device that show up with names like "Free Wi-Fi" or "Free Hotel Wi-Fi." Some hackers set up their own wireless networks with fake names to trick you into logging on. Find out the name of the hotel's or airport's Wi-Fi network ahead of time and log on to it.
Avoid using passwords. According to the experts, hackers can track your keyboard activity and get your passwords, even though they can't actually see them. There are software programs you can download designed to hide your passwords (look for them online); but it might be better to avoid activities where you're using passwords to log-in to your most sensitive or important accounts.
Don't let your guard down. You might be lucky and not run into online snoopers when you're in a public hotspot. But your luck could run out one day. ANY TIME you're online in public, your data is out there for an online intruder to see. Think of it like talking on the phone. You wouldn't give out private information so others around you could here you. Do the same online—be discrete!
Let your computer help out. Both Windows and Mac OS X (those computers' operation systems) come with security features that can help protect you. Find the computer's security settings and take steps to enable your firewall (which is like putting up an invisible fence). This will actually help block out all incoming traffic, keeping intruders out.
Look for the "s" for security. Any time you're on a webpage, look at the address bar (above the web page) and the website's name. If you see "https" right in front, that Web site is encrypted, which means you're data can't be read in transmission. If you see only "http," that site isn't secure. You might also see a small "padlock" symbol in front of the web address, which is a good sign.
Save it for later. To totally eliminate any chance of being tracked, try to avoid banking and looking at confidential information when using a public network. Why take any chances? If you must, make sure the sites are secure. Remember, you can often do banking transactions by phone. (Just don't talk too loud!)
Virtual Private Networks
If you don't want to limit your online activity but still want to be extra safe, looking into a virtual private network or VPN. By downloading VPN software, you will be protected from hackers even if you're online at an unsecured hotspot. You'll pay a small fee for the VPN service, but the protection and peace of mind will likely be worth it.
And about your IP address.
In case you're wondering about the IP address your using on at a hotspot, it's whatever the IP address is for that wireless network... and everyone using that particular Wi-Fi is sharing the same IP address.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/vpn-tech/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/news/
Most people llike going online at the local coffee shop, the airport or the hotel lobby; but most people don't know that going on the Internet in those places (called "hotspots") isn't as secure as you might think—or as safe as you need it to be.
The reason? A public Wi-Fi/wireless connection is designed to provide an easy way for anyone in the immediate area who wants to go online to do so. To make that happen, the security measures are a lot lower. In a lot of places you don't need a password; at other places, there might be a password, but just about anyone can get it.
What's a hotspot? A hotspot is any location where a wireless network (also called Wi-Fi) provides Internet access to the public—places like airports, hotels and coffee shops. Hotspots have grown in number, and grown more important, as more people have shifted to laptops and smartphones.
Are you always at risk?
The answer is yes, and no. If you're online in a coffee shop, surfing away without much concern about security, you're safe if everyone else online there is a nice person and just enjoying free Internet. (And quite honestly, that could often be the case.)
But that all changes for the worse if there's just one person logged into that same wireless network who is 1) savvy about network security (or the lack of it) and 2) actively preying on people who don't know their information is up for grabs. It's not personal; it's simply fun and games for them.
Make no mistake about it: there ARE a lot people who think it's okay to intrude on your privacy and see what you're doing online. Some snoops do it with computer technology; others will actually (and quietly) video your computer usage with their smartphone!
Here's what it comes down to: if there's a Wi-Fi snooper nearby, most anything you do online can be seen and captured by his or her computer. Your Google searches, your usernames, your private emails... it's all out there for the taking. So, if you sit down at the wrong place and at the wrong time, and you might be telling your secrets to the nice looking young man (or lady) next to you.
How to protect yourself.
With your personal information and privacy at risk, her are some tips for what you should and shouldn't do when you're online at a public hotspot.
Name that Wi-Fi. This is important. In a hotspot, be suspicious of wireless networks on your device that show up with names like "Free Wi-Fi" or "Free Hotel Wi-Fi." Some hackers set up their own wireless networks with fake names to trick you into logging on. Find out the name of the hotel's or airport's Wi-Fi network ahead of time and log on to it.
Avoid using passwords. According to the experts, hackers can track your keyboard activity and get your passwords, even though they can't actually see them. There are software programs you can download designed to hide your passwords (look for them online); but it might be better to avoid activities where you're using passwords to log-in to your most sensitive or important accounts.
Don't let your guard down. You might be lucky and not run into online snoopers when you're in a public hotspot. But your luck could run out one day. ANY TIME you're online in public, your data is out there for an online intruder to see. Think of it like talking on the phone. You wouldn't give out private information so others around you could here you. Do the same online—be discrete!
Let your computer help out. Both Windows and Mac OS X (those computers' operation systems) come with security features that can help protect you. Find the computer's security settings and take steps to enable your firewall (which is like putting up an invisible fence). This will actually help block out all incoming traffic, keeping intruders out.
Look for the "s" for security. Any time you're on a webpage, look at the address bar (above the web page) and the website's name. If you see "https" right in front, that Web site is encrypted, which means you're data can't be read in transmission. If you see only "http," that site isn't secure. You might also see a small "padlock" symbol in front of the web address, which is a good sign.
Save it for later. To totally eliminate any chance of being tracked, try to avoid banking and looking at confidential information when using a public network. Why take any chances? If you must, make sure the sites are secure. Remember, you can often do banking transactions by phone. (Just don't talk too loud!)
Virtual Private Networks
If you don't want to limit your online activity but still want to be extra safe, looking into a virtual private network or VPN. By downloading VPN software, you will be protected from hackers even if you're online at an unsecured hotspot. You'll pay a small fee for the VPN service, but the protection and peace of mind will likely be worth it.
And about your IP address.
In case you're wondering about the IP address your using on at a hotspot, it's whatever the IP address is for that wireless network... and everyone using that particular Wi-Fi is sharing the same IP address.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/vpn-tech/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/news/
Which VPN protocol is the best?
We explain what a VPN protocol is and what it does. We also compare the strengths and weaknesses of the most common protocols, including OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2, PPTP, and L2TP.
Before you trust a VPN to protect your Internet activity, you need to make sure they’ve put in place the necessary safeguards. Evaluating the more technical aspects of a VPN can be difficult, especially for the average user. It often means users are struggling to understand an alphabet soup of different acronyms.
We have begun a series of posts where we explain some of our security measures so that people can make more informed decisions. Our first post explained what HMAC SHA-384 means. This post will investigate VPN protocols, what they do, how they work, and what it means if a VPN service uses OpenVPN over L2TP, for example. This post delves into some of the inner workings of VPNs. While we try to explain terms clearly, this post will be more useful if you come in with some basic technical knowledge.
VPN Protocols
VPNs rely on what is called “tunneling” to create a private network between two computers over the Internet. A VPN protocol, also known as a “tunneling protocol,” is the set of instructions your device uses to negotiate the secure encrypted connection that forms the network between your computer and another.
A VPN protocol is usually made up of two channels: a data channel and a control channel. The control channel is responsible for the key exchange, authentication, and parameter exchanges (like providing an IP or routes and DNS servers). The data channel, as you might have guessed, is responsible for transporting your Internet traffic data. Together, these two channels establish and maintain a secure VPN tunnel. However, for your data to pass through this secure tunnel, it must be encapsulated.
Encapsulation is when a VPN protocol takes bits of data, known as data packets, from your Internet traffic and places them inside another packet. This extra layer is necessary because the protocol configurations your VPN uses inside the data channel are not necessarily the same as the ones that the regular Internet uses. The additional layer allows your information to travel through the VPN tunnel and arrive at its correct destination.
This is all a bit technical, so broad overview: When you connect to a VPN server, the VPN uses its control channel to establish shared keys and set up a connection between your device and the server. Once this connection is established, the data channel begins transmitting your Internet traffic. When a VPN service discusses the strengths and weaknesses of its performance or talks about a “secure VPN tunnel,” it is talking about its data channel. Once the VPN tunnel has been established, the control channel is then tasked with maintaining the connection’s stability.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is one of the older VPN protocols. It was initially developed with support from Microsoft and, thus, all versions of Windows and most other operating systems have native support for PPTP.
PPTP uses the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is like a proto-VPN in itself. Despite being quite old, PPP can authenticate a user (usually with MS-CHAP v2) and encapsulate data itself, letting it handle both control channel and data channel duties. However, PPP is not routable; it cannot be sent over the Internet on its own. So PPTP encapsulates the PPP-encapsulated data again using generic routing encapsulation (GRE) to establish its data channel.
Unfortunately, PPTP does not have any of its own encryption or authentication features. It relies on PPP to implement these functions — which is problematic since PPP’s authentication system and the encryption that Microsoft added to it, MPPE, are both weak.
Encryption: Microsoft’s Point-to-Point Encryption protocol (MPPE), which uses the RSA RC4 algorithm. MPPE’s maximum strength is 128-bit keys.
Speed: Because its encryption protocols do not require much computing power (RC4 and only 128-bit keys), PPTP maintains fast connection speeds.
Known vulnerabilities: PPTP has had numerous known security vulnerabilities since 1998. One of the most severe vulnerabilities includes exploiting unencapsulated MS-CHAP v2 authentication to perform a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.
Firewall ports: TCP port 1723. PPTP’s use of GRE means it cannot navigate a network address translation firewall and is one of the easiest VPN protocols to block. (A NAT firewall allows several people to share one public IP address at the same time. This is important because the majority of individual users do not have their own IP address.)
Stability: PPTP is not as reliable, nor does it recover as quickly as OpenVPN over unstable network connections.
Conclusion: If you are concerned about securing your data, there is no reason to use PPTP. Even Microsoft has advised its users to upgrade to other VPN protocols to protect their data.
L2TP/IPSec
Layer two tunneling protocol (L2TP) was meant to replace PPTP. L2TP can handle authentication on its own and performs UDP encapsulation, so in a way, it can form both the control and data channel. However, similar to PPTP, it does not add any encryption itself. While L2TP can send PPP, to avoid PPP’s inherent weaknesses, L2TP is usually paired with the Internet protocol security (IPSec) suite to handle its encryption and authentication.
IPSec is a flexible framework that can be applied to VPNs as well as routing and application-level security. When you connect to a VPN server with L2TP/IPSec, IPSec negotiates the shared keys and authenticates the connection of a secure control channel between your device and the server.
IPSec then encapsulates the data. When IPSec performs this encapsulation, it applies an authentication header and uses the Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP). These special headers add a digital signature to each packet so attackers cannot tamper with your data without alerting the VPN server. ESP encrypts the encapsulated data packets so that no attacker can read them (and, depending on the settings of the VPN, also authenticates the data packet). Once IPSec has encapsulated the data, L2TP encapsulates that data again using UDP so that it can pass through the data channel.
Several VPN protocols, including IKEv2, use IPSec encryption. While generally secure, IPSec is very complex, which can lead to poor implementation. L2TP/IPSec is supported on most major operating systems.
Encryption: L2TP/IPSec can use either 3DES or AES encryption, although given that 3DES is now considered a weak cipher, it is rarely used.
Speed: L2TP/IPSec is generally slower than OpenVPN when using the same encryption strength.
Known vulnerabilities: L2TP/IPSec is an advanced VPN protocol, but a leaked NSA presentation suggests that the intelligence agency has already found ways to tamper with it. Furthermore, due to the IPSec’s complexity, many VPN providers used pre-shared keys to set up L2TP/IPSec.
Firewall ports: UDP port 500 is used for the initial key exchange, UDP port 5500 for NAT traversal, and UDP port 1701 to allow L2TP traffic. Because it uses these fixed ports, L2TP/IPSec is easier to block than some other protocols.
Stability: L2TP/IPSec is not as stable as some of the more advanced VPN protocols. Its complexity can lead to frequent network drops.
Conclusion: L2TP/IPSec’s security is undoubtedly an improvement over PPTP, but it might not protect your data from advanced attackers. Its slower speeds and instability also mean that users should only consider using L2TP/IPSec if there are no other options.
IKEv2/IPSec
Internet key exchange version two (IKEv2) is a relatively new tunneling protocol that is actually part of the IPSec suite itself. Microsoft and Cisco cooperated on the development of the original IKEv2/IPSec protocol, but there are now many open source iterations.
IKEv2 sets up a control channel by authenticating a secure communication channel between your device and the VPN server using the Diffie–Hellman key exchange algorithm. IKEv2 then uses that secure communication channel to establish what is called a security association, which simply means your device and the VPN server are using the same encryption keys and algorithms to communicate.
Once the security association is in place, IPSec can create a tunnel, apply authenticated headers to your data packets, and encapsulate them with ESP. (Again, depending on which cipher is used, the ESP could handle the message authentication.) The encapsulated data packets are then encapsulated again in UDP so that they can pass through the tunnel.
IKEv2/IPSec is supported on Windows 7 and later version, macOS 10.11 and later versions, as well as most mobile operating systems.
Encryption: IKEv2/IPSec can use a range of different cryptographic algorithms, including AES, Blowfish, and Camellia. It supports 256-bit encryption.
Speed: IKEv2/IPSec is faster than most VPN protocols currently available, especially ones that offer comparable security.
Known vulnerabilities: IKEv2/IPSec has no known weaknesses, and almost all IT security experts consider it to be safe when properly implemented with Perfect Forward Secrecy.
Firewall ports: UDP port 500 is used for the initial key exchange and UDP port 4500 for NAT traversal. Because it always uses these ports, IKEv2/IPSec is easier to block than some other protocols.
Stability: IKEv2 / IPSec supports the Mobility and Multihoming protocol, making it more reliable than most other VPN protocols, especially for users that are often switching between different WiFi networks.
Conclusion: Given its strong security, high speeds, and increased stability, IKEv2/IPSec is one of the best VPN protocols currently in use.
OpenVPN
OpenVPN is an open source tunneling protocol. As opposed to VPN protocols that rely on the IPSec suite, OpenVPN uses SSL/TLS to handle its key exchange and set up its control channel, and a unique OpenVPN protocol to handle encapsulation and the data channel. This means that both its data channel and control channel are encrypted, which makes it somewhat unique compared to other VPN protocols. It is supported on almost all major operating systems.
Encryption: OpenVPN can use any of the different cryptographic algorithms contained in the OpenSSL library to encrypt its data, including AES, RC5, and Blowfish. OpenVPN supports 256-bit encryption.
Speed: When using UDP, OpenVPN maintains fast connections, although IKEv2/IPSec is generally accepted to be slightly quicker.
Known vulnerabilities: OpenVPN has no known vulnerabilities as long as it is implemented with a sufficiently strong encryption algorithm and Perfect Forward Secrecy. It is the industry standard for VPNs concerned about data security.
Firewall ports: OpenVPN can be configured to run on any UDP or TCP port, including port TCP port 443 that handles all HTTPS traffic, making it very hard to block.
Stability: OpenVPN is very stable in general and has a TCP mode for weak or unreliable WiFi networks for extra reliability. This extra stability comes at the price of diminished speed because of the possibility of a TCP meltdown.
Conclusion: OpenVPN is one of the best VPN protocols currently in use, especially for users concerned primarily about data security. It is secure, reliable, and open source. The only category where it is not the best option is speed, where IKEv2/IPSec is generally slightly faster.
WireGuard®
WireGuard® is an open source VPN protocol that is currently under development. Its goal is to make a much simpler and more streamlined tunneling protocol, which should lead to a faster, more efficient, more secure, and easier-to-use VPN.
Encryption: WireGuard uses ChaCha20 for symmetric encryption (RFC7539), Curve25519 for anonymous key exchange, Poly1305 for data authentication, and BLAKE2s for hashing (RFC7693). It automatically supports Perfect Forward Secrecy.
Speed: WireGuard uses new, high-speed cryptographic algorithms. This means that ChaCha20 is much simpler than AES ciphers of equal strength and nearly as fast, even though most devices now come with instructions for AES built into their hardware. While it is impossible to be sure until the final version is ready, WireGuard promises to have fast connection speeds and low CPU requirements.
Known vulnerabilities: WireGuard is still under development and should be considered as an experimental protocol. It has not been subjected to the same security assessments as other VPN protocols, so there still may be undiscovered vulnerabilities. It should only be used for tests or in situations where data security is not critical.
Firewall ports: WireGuard uses UDP and can be configured to use any port. However, it does not currently support the use of TCP.
Stability: WireGuard is a very stable VPN protocol, and introduces new features that other tunneling protocols do not have, such as being able to maintain a VPN connection while changing VPN servers or changing WiFi networks.
Conclusion: While we are closely following the development of WireGuard, it is not yet ready for implementation. Once it has undergone a thorough security audit and there is a stable release, WireGuard’s strong encryption, high speeds, and simplicity will make it a very competitive VPN protocol.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/what-to-do-after-a-data-breach/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/the-risks-of-default-password/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/why-does-one-need-a-vpn/
We explain what a VPN protocol is and what it does. We also compare the strengths and weaknesses of the most common protocols, including OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2, PPTP, and L2TP.
Before you trust a VPN to protect your Internet activity, you need to make sure they’ve put in place the necessary safeguards. Evaluating the more technical aspects of a VPN can be difficult, especially for the average user. It often means users are struggling to understand an alphabet soup of different acronyms.
We have begun a series of posts where we explain some of our security measures so that people can make more informed decisions. Our first post explained what HMAC SHA-384 means. This post will investigate VPN protocols, what they do, how they work, and what it means if a VPN service uses OpenVPN over L2TP, for example. This post delves into some of the inner workings of VPNs. While we try to explain terms clearly, this post will be more useful if you come in with some basic technical knowledge.
VPN Protocols
VPNs rely on what is called “tunneling” to create a private network between two computers over the Internet. A VPN protocol, also known as a “tunneling protocol,” is the set of instructions your device uses to negotiate the secure encrypted connection that forms the network between your computer and another.
A VPN protocol is usually made up of two channels: a data channel and a control channel. The control channel is responsible for the key exchange, authentication, and parameter exchanges (like providing an IP or routes and DNS servers). The data channel, as you might have guessed, is responsible for transporting your Internet traffic data. Together, these two channels establish and maintain a secure VPN tunnel. However, for your data to pass through this secure tunnel, it must be encapsulated.
Encapsulation is when a VPN protocol takes bits of data, known as data packets, from your Internet traffic and places them inside another packet. This extra layer is necessary because the protocol configurations your VPN uses inside the data channel are not necessarily the same as the ones that the regular Internet uses. The additional layer allows your information to travel through the VPN tunnel and arrive at its correct destination.
This is all a bit technical, so broad overview: When you connect to a VPN server, the VPN uses its control channel to establish shared keys and set up a connection between your device and the server. Once this connection is established, the data channel begins transmitting your Internet traffic. When a VPN service discusses the strengths and weaknesses of its performance or talks about a “secure VPN tunnel,” it is talking about its data channel. Once the VPN tunnel has been established, the control channel is then tasked with maintaining the connection’s stability.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is one of the older VPN protocols. It was initially developed with support from Microsoft and, thus, all versions of Windows and most other operating systems have native support for PPTP.
PPTP uses the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is like a proto-VPN in itself. Despite being quite old, PPP can authenticate a user (usually with MS-CHAP v2) and encapsulate data itself, letting it handle both control channel and data channel duties. However, PPP is not routable; it cannot be sent over the Internet on its own. So PPTP encapsulates the PPP-encapsulated data again using generic routing encapsulation (GRE) to establish its data channel.
Unfortunately, PPTP does not have any of its own encryption or authentication features. It relies on PPP to implement these functions — which is problematic since PPP’s authentication system and the encryption that Microsoft added to it, MPPE, are both weak.
Encryption: Microsoft’s Point-to-Point Encryption protocol (MPPE), which uses the RSA RC4 algorithm. MPPE’s maximum strength is 128-bit keys.
Speed: Because its encryption protocols do not require much computing power (RC4 and only 128-bit keys), PPTP maintains fast connection speeds.
Known vulnerabilities: PPTP has had numerous known security vulnerabilities since 1998. One of the most severe vulnerabilities includes exploiting unencapsulated MS-CHAP v2 authentication to perform a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.
Firewall ports: TCP port 1723. PPTP’s use of GRE means it cannot navigate a network address translation firewall and is one of the easiest VPN protocols to block. (A NAT firewall allows several people to share one public IP address at the same time. This is important because the majority of individual users do not have their own IP address.)
Stability: PPTP is not as reliable, nor does it recover as quickly as OpenVPN over unstable network connections.
Conclusion: If you are concerned about securing your data, there is no reason to use PPTP. Even Microsoft has advised its users to upgrade to other VPN protocols to protect their data.
L2TP/IPSec
Layer two tunneling protocol (L2TP) was meant to replace PPTP. L2TP can handle authentication on its own and performs UDP encapsulation, so in a way, it can form both the control and data channel. However, similar to PPTP, it does not add any encryption itself. While L2TP can send PPP, to avoid PPP’s inherent weaknesses, L2TP is usually paired with the Internet protocol security (IPSec) suite to handle its encryption and authentication.
IPSec is a flexible framework that can be applied to VPNs as well as routing and application-level security. When you connect to a VPN server with L2TP/IPSec, IPSec negotiates the shared keys and authenticates the connection of a secure control channel between your device and the server.
IPSec then encapsulates the data. When IPSec performs this encapsulation, it applies an authentication header and uses the Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP). These special headers add a digital signature to each packet so attackers cannot tamper with your data without alerting the VPN server. ESP encrypts the encapsulated data packets so that no attacker can read them (and, depending on the settings of the VPN, also authenticates the data packet). Once IPSec has encapsulated the data, L2TP encapsulates that data again using UDP so that it can pass through the data channel.
Several VPN protocols, including IKEv2, use IPSec encryption. While generally secure, IPSec is very complex, which can lead to poor implementation. L2TP/IPSec is supported on most major operating systems.
Encryption: L2TP/IPSec can use either 3DES or AES encryption, although given that 3DES is now considered a weak cipher, it is rarely used.
Speed: L2TP/IPSec is generally slower than OpenVPN when using the same encryption strength.
Known vulnerabilities: L2TP/IPSec is an advanced VPN protocol, but a leaked NSA presentation suggests that the intelligence agency has already found ways to tamper with it. Furthermore, due to the IPSec’s complexity, many VPN providers used pre-shared keys to set up L2TP/IPSec.
Firewall ports: UDP port 500 is used for the initial key exchange, UDP port 5500 for NAT traversal, and UDP port 1701 to allow L2TP traffic. Because it uses these fixed ports, L2TP/IPSec is easier to block than some other protocols.
Stability: L2TP/IPSec is not as stable as some of the more advanced VPN protocols. Its complexity can lead to frequent network drops.
Conclusion: L2TP/IPSec’s security is undoubtedly an improvement over PPTP, but it might not protect your data from advanced attackers. Its slower speeds and instability also mean that users should only consider using L2TP/IPSec if there are no other options.
IKEv2/IPSec
Internet key exchange version two (IKEv2) is a relatively new tunneling protocol that is actually part of the IPSec suite itself. Microsoft and Cisco cooperated on the development of the original IKEv2/IPSec protocol, but there are now many open source iterations.
IKEv2 sets up a control channel by authenticating a secure communication channel between your device and the VPN server using the Diffie–Hellman key exchange algorithm. IKEv2 then uses that secure communication channel to establish what is called a security association, which simply means your device and the VPN server are using the same encryption keys and algorithms to communicate.
Once the security association is in place, IPSec can create a tunnel, apply authenticated headers to your data packets, and encapsulate them with ESP. (Again, depending on which cipher is used, the ESP could handle the message authentication.) The encapsulated data packets are then encapsulated again in UDP so that they can pass through the tunnel.
IKEv2/IPSec is supported on Windows 7 and later version, macOS 10.11 and later versions, as well as most mobile operating systems.
Encryption: IKEv2/IPSec can use a range of different cryptographic algorithms, including AES, Blowfish, and Camellia. It supports 256-bit encryption.
Speed: IKEv2/IPSec is faster than most VPN protocols currently available, especially ones that offer comparable security.
Known vulnerabilities: IKEv2/IPSec has no known weaknesses, and almost all IT security experts consider it to be safe when properly implemented with Perfect Forward Secrecy.
Firewall ports: UDP port 500 is used for the initial key exchange and UDP port 4500 for NAT traversal. Because it always uses these ports, IKEv2/IPSec is easier to block than some other protocols.
Stability: IKEv2 / IPSec supports the Mobility and Multihoming protocol, making it more reliable than most other VPN protocols, especially for users that are often switching between different WiFi networks.
Conclusion: Given its strong security, high speeds, and increased stability, IKEv2/IPSec is one of the best VPN protocols currently in use.
OpenVPN
OpenVPN is an open source tunneling protocol. As opposed to VPN protocols that rely on the IPSec suite, OpenVPN uses SSL/TLS to handle its key exchange and set up its control channel, and a unique OpenVPN protocol to handle encapsulation and the data channel. This means that both its data channel and control channel are encrypted, which makes it somewhat unique compared to other VPN protocols. It is supported on almost all major operating systems.
Encryption: OpenVPN can use any of the different cryptographic algorithms contained in the OpenSSL library to encrypt its data, including AES, RC5, and Blowfish. OpenVPN supports 256-bit encryption.
Speed: When using UDP, OpenVPN maintains fast connections, although IKEv2/IPSec is generally accepted to be slightly quicker.
Known vulnerabilities: OpenVPN has no known vulnerabilities as long as it is implemented with a sufficiently strong encryption algorithm and Perfect Forward Secrecy. It is the industry standard for VPNs concerned about data security.
Firewall ports: OpenVPN can be configured to run on any UDP or TCP port, including port TCP port 443 that handles all HTTPS traffic, making it very hard to block.
Stability: OpenVPN is very stable in general and has a TCP mode for weak or unreliable WiFi networks for extra reliability. This extra stability comes at the price of diminished speed because of the possibility of a TCP meltdown.
Conclusion: OpenVPN is one of the best VPN protocols currently in use, especially for users concerned primarily about data security. It is secure, reliable, and open source. The only category where it is not the best option is speed, where IKEv2/IPSec is generally slightly faster.
WireGuard®
WireGuard® is an open source VPN protocol that is currently under development. Its goal is to make a much simpler and more streamlined tunneling protocol, which should lead to a faster, more efficient, more secure, and easier-to-use VPN.
Encryption: WireGuard uses ChaCha20 for symmetric encryption (RFC7539), Curve25519 for anonymous key exchange, Poly1305 for data authentication, and BLAKE2s for hashing (RFC7693). It automatically supports Perfect Forward Secrecy.
Speed: WireGuard uses new, high-speed cryptographic algorithms. This means that ChaCha20 is much simpler than AES ciphers of equal strength and nearly as fast, even though most devices now come with instructions for AES built into their hardware. While it is impossible to be sure until the final version is ready, WireGuard promises to have fast connection speeds and low CPU requirements.
Known vulnerabilities: WireGuard is still under development and should be considered as an experimental protocol. It has not been subjected to the same security assessments as other VPN protocols, so there still may be undiscovered vulnerabilities. It should only be used for tests or in situations where data security is not critical.
Firewall ports: WireGuard uses UDP and can be configured to use any port. However, it does not currently support the use of TCP.
Stability: WireGuard is a very stable VPN protocol, and introduces new features that other tunneling protocols do not have, such as being able to maintain a VPN connection while changing VPN servers or changing WiFi networks.
Conclusion: While we are closely following the development of WireGuard, it is not yet ready for implementation. Once it has undergone a thorough security audit and there is a stable release, WireGuard’s strong encryption, high speeds, and simplicity will make it a very competitive VPN protocol.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/what-to-do-after-a-data-breach/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/the-risks-of-default-password/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/why-does-one-need-a-vpn/
Simple tricks to be more anonymous online
Anonymous internet browsing is virtually impossible, but there are ways to make it much harder for others to track their identity.
Every week, a new story is published about how Internet companies track down your data everywhere.It is therefore not surprising that people are looking for ways to be anonymous online.It is extremely difficult to achieve complete anonymity, but privacy is a continuum.By making informed decisions, you can limit how much of your personal information is collected and shared.In this way you can make your surfing even more private.
For those of you who really want to leave the surveillance network, this New York Times story describes the steps a person has taken to prevent anyone from accessing identifying information.For anyone who can not afford the measures they've taken (such as buying a bait house), this article will help you find the services and tools you need to maximize your online privacy with minimal inconvenience
Anonymous web browser
As a tool that connects to and displays websites, your browser has access to a set of data, from your browsing history to your IP address, to the make and model of your device.Once your browser has your data, it can share it with websites and other online trackers.Visit webkay to see what data your current browser is collecting (and possibly sharing).Considering this level of access, choosing your browser can have a significant impact on your online privacy.Gebay.com.The most common is the web browser.It encrypts your traffic three times and then forwards it through three separate servers, called "relays" or "nodes." Each relay removes the outermost level of encryption.This way, only the first relay knows your true IP address and only the third relay which site you visit.Tor also gives you access to special onion pages that are harder to monitor and shut down than regular websites.
Tor is safe to use and your best choice if privacy is paramount.However, it is also complicated to set up, does not work with all website functions and is slower than a standard internet browser.Other, more user-friendly browsers also offer privacy.However, these browsers protect you from the trackers that advertisers and websites use to track you on the Internet.These browsers are not anonymous and do not hide your IP address like Tor.
Firefox is the second most popular browser in the world.It has advanced privacy features, such as advanced tracking protection, that make it difficult for online trackers to track their activity on the Internet.Brave is another option.It's an open source browser that automatically blocks all ads and trackers by default.You can even access the Tor network via the private tab (the Brave version of an incognito tab).For iOS and MacOS users, the Safari browser also offers several strong privacy features.
Google Chrome, the world's most popular browser, is also the least private.However, by adjusting the activity settings in your Google Account, you can at least limit the amount of data that Chrome can capture.
Browser add-ons that protect your privacy
Choosing a browser that focuses on privacy is a great way to anonymously surf the Internet.However, there are still some steps left.Even good-privacy browsers like Firefox can share information about your location and device with online trackers.That's why browser add-ons are so important.You can supplement the protection of the browser and disguise some of the information it may provide.
One of the easiest-to-use privacy add-ons is Privacy Badger.Privacy Badger was developed by the non-profit organization Electronic Frontier Foundation and learns over time which services and cookies you track and block.You simply download it and let it do its thing.
An add-on that makes blocking trackers more thorough is uBlock Origin (also available for Chrome).There are several comprehensive lists of trackers and cookies that can be blocked.Experienced users can also customize these lists and add new services they want to block.Best of all, uBlock Origin is efficient and blocks elements much faster than similar add-ons.
To prevent your browser from sharing information about your location, system, and device, you should use NoScript (also available for Chrome).It only allows trusted sources to run plugins like Java or Flash.While this protects your data, it may take a few tries and errors to figure out which plug-ins will help break some sites.
(It should be noted that the Tor Browser contains HTTPS Everywhere and NoScript is already integrated.)
Trustworthy VPN
A VPN routes your online traffic through an encrypted tunnel, preventing your ISP or any attackers from monitoring your online activity. It also redirects your traffic through a VPN server, which masks your IP address and the physical location of your device from websites. While no VPN service will ever be as anonymous as Tor, it also does not have the limitations that come with Tor. A VPN provides fast connection speeds, works with any browser, and allows its users to stream videos and share files over P2P networks.
However, by routing your online traffic through its server, your VPN provider essentially becomes your ISP. It can see all your online activity and your IP address. That is why it is essential that you only use trustworthy VPN services.
RitaVPN has a strict no logs policy, which means that it does not record any of your online activity. It also comes with advanced security features, like Kill Switch, which immediately shuts down your Internet connection if you are disconnected from your VPN server, and Tor over VPN, which allows you to connect to the Tor network with a single click.
Anonymous search engines
Google monitors and records every search query it receives to build up a profile on each of its users. Even if you’re not logged in to your Google account, it can use information about your IP address, your device, and your geographic location to single you out from other users. It uses those profiles to determine which ads to show to whom.
Considering how much people rely on search engines to navigate the Internet, your search history is almost as revealing as your browsing history. While there are steps you can take to prevent Google from linking your searches to your account, like adjusting your Activity settings or logging out of your Google account before typing in your query, it is much easier to use a search engine that protects user privacy by default.
The most popular anonymous search engine is DuckDuckGo. It does not collect any of your personal information or connect your searches to form a profile on you, making it impossible to track your activity. Startpage and Qwant are two other search engines that do not collect personal data.
Advanced steps
Once you start going down the rabbit hole of trying to limit access to your personal data, it can be hard to stop. So many organizations have access to the data of the average person. For those looking to go the extra mile to be anonymous online, there are some additional steps you can take.
Turn off location tracking: Websites can get your location from your laptop or smartphone. Turn off the location tracking on your device, and don’t forget to clear your device’s location history. Here are some guides that can help you turn off location tracking (and other data collection) for Android, iOS, and Windows 10.
Avoid social networks entirely: Obviously, anything shared over Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter is public and can reveal substantial amounts of information. A photo of the meal you just cooked will show the GPS coordinates of where it was taken unless you have turned off location tracking. Even if you do not post anything, Facebook and Twitter closely monitor your activity on their site to build up their databases.
Share files anonymously: Avoid using Google Drive and Dropbox. We have already discussed all the privacy issues that come with using a Google service, and Edward Snowden called Dropbox “very hostile to privacy.” If you need to share files with someone, use the open source and anonymous Onion Share.
Do not use your credit card: Every time you pay for a purchase using your credit card, your purchase is recorded. Even if the data is anonymized, attackers can identify you using the totality of your purchases. Moreover, to make a payment with a credit card online, you must give the website your name and address. To protect your privacy, do not use credit cards on- or offline. While purchasing items with Bitcoin is a more private option online, the most anonymous way to conclude any purchase is with cash.
Use a privacy-focused operating system: Tails is to operating systems what the Tor browser is to web browsers: it is the most private and anonymous solution currently available. You can use it on any computer without leaving a trace.
Minimize the personal data you expose offline: To achieve true anonymity, you must also consider which organizations have access to your data offline as well. Most of the steps in the New York Times story mentioned at the top of this article involve removing your information from public databases, like the Department of Motor Vehicles. While this individual went to extremes (not everyone is going to create their own LLC), some of his strategies, like using a basic GPS device (not your smartphone) for directions, making phone calls using temporary phone numbers from a second phone number app, and encrypting your devices, can be used by everyone to protect their private data.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/is-your-email-safe/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-clear-cookies-in-chrome/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-choose-the-best-vpn/
Anonymous internet browsing is virtually impossible, but there are ways to make it much harder for others to track their identity.
Every week, a new story is published about how Internet companies track down your data everywhere.It is therefore not surprising that people are looking for ways to be anonymous online.It is extremely difficult to achieve complete anonymity, but privacy is a continuum.By making informed decisions, you can limit how much of your personal information is collected and shared.In this way you can make your surfing even more private.
For those of you who really want to leave the surveillance network, this New York Times story describes the steps a person has taken to prevent anyone from accessing identifying information.For anyone who can not afford the measures they've taken (such as buying a bait house), this article will help you find the services and tools you need to maximize your online privacy with minimal inconvenience
Anonymous web browser
As a tool that connects to and displays websites, your browser has access to a set of data, from your browsing history to your IP address, to the make and model of your device.Once your browser has your data, it can share it with websites and other online trackers.Visit webkay to see what data your current browser is collecting (and possibly sharing).Considering this level of access, choosing your browser can have a significant impact on your online privacy.Gebay.com.The most common is the web browser.It encrypts your traffic three times and then forwards it through three separate servers, called "relays" or "nodes." Each relay removes the outermost level of encryption.This way, only the first relay knows your true IP address and only the third relay which site you visit.Tor also gives you access to special onion pages that are harder to monitor and shut down than regular websites.
Tor is safe to use and your best choice if privacy is paramount.However, it is also complicated to set up, does not work with all website functions and is slower than a standard internet browser.Other, more user-friendly browsers also offer privacy.However, these browsers protect you from the trackers that advertisers and websites use to track you on the Internet.These browsers are not anonymous and do not hide your IP address like Tor.
Firefox is the second most popular browser in the world.It has advanced privacy features, such as advanced tracking protection, that make it difficult for online trackers to track their activity on the Internet.Brave is another option.It's an open source browser that automatically blocks all ads and trackers by default.You can even access the Tor network via the private tab (the Brave version of an incognito tab).For iOS and MacOS users, the Safari browser also offers several strong privacy features.
Google Chrome, the world's most popular browser, is also the least private.However, by adjusting the activity settings in your Google Account, you can at least limit the amount of data that Chrome can capture.
Browser add-ons that protect your privacy
Choosing a browser that focuses on privacy is a great way to anonymously surf the Internet.However, there are still some steps left.Even good-privacy browsers like Firefox can share information about your location and device with online trackers.That's why browser add-ons are so important.You can supplement the protection of the browser and disguise some of the information it may provide.
One of the easiest-to-use privacy add-ons is Privacy Badger.Privacy Badger was developed by the non-profit organization Electronic Frontier Foundation and learns over time which services and cookies you track and block.You simply download it and let it do its thing.
An add-on that makes blocking trackers more thorough is uBlock Origin (also available for Chrome).There are several comprehensive lists of trackers and cookies that can be blocked.Experienced users can also customize these lists and add new services they want to block.Best of all, uBlock Origin is efficient and blocks elements much faster than similar add-ons.
To prevent your browser from sharing information about your location, system, and device, you should use NoScript (also available for Chrome).It only allows trusted sources to run plugins like Java or Flash.While this protects your data, it may take a few tries and errors to figure out which plug-ins will help break some sites.
(It should be noted that the Tor Browser contains HTTPS Everywhere and NoScript is already integrated.)
Trustworthy VPN
A VPN routes your online traffic through an encrypted tunnel, preventing your ISP or any attackers from monitoring your online activity. It also redirects your traffic through a VPN server, which masks your IP address and the physical location of your device from websites. While no VPN service will ever be as anonymous as Tor, it also does not have the limitations that come with Tor. A VPN provides fast connection speeds, works with any browser, and allows its users to stream videos and share files over P2P networks.
However, by routing your online traffic through its server, your VPN provider essentially becomes your ISP. It can see all your online activity and your IP address. That is why it is essential that you only use trustworthy VPN services.
RitaVPN has a strict no logs policy, which means that it does not record any of your online activity. It also comes with advanced security features, like Kill Switch, which immediately shuts down your Internet connection if you are disconnected from your VPN server, and Tor over VPN, which allows you to connect to the Tor network with a single click.
Anonymous search engines
Google monitors and records every search query it receives to build up a profile on each of its users. Even if you’re not logged in to your Google account, it can use information about your IP address, your device, and your geographic location to single you out from other users. It uses those profiles to determine which ads to show to whom.
Considering how much people rely on search engines to navigate the Internet, your search history is almost as revealing as your browsing history. While there are steps you can take to prevent Google from linking your searches to your account, like adjusting your Activity settings or logging out of your Google account before typing in your query, it is much easier to use a search engine that protects user privacy by default.
The most popular anonymous search engine is DuckDuckGo. It does not collect any of your personal information or connect your searches to form a profile on you, making it impossible to track your activity. Startpage and Qwant are two other search engines that do not collect personal data.
Advanced steps
Once you start going down the rabbit hole of trying to limit access to your personal data, it can be hard to stop. So many organizations have access to the data of the average person. For those looking to go the extra mile to be anonymous online, there are some additional steps you can take.
Turn off location tracking: Websites can get your location from your laptop or smartphone. Turn off the location tracking on your device, and don’t forget to clear your device’s location history. Here are some guides that can help you turn off location tracking (and other data collection) for Android, iOS, and Windows 10.
Avoid social networks entirely: Obviously, anything shared over Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter is public and can reveal substantial amounts of information. A photo of the meal you just cooked will show the GPS coordinates of where it was taken unless you have turned off location tracking. Even if you do not post anything, Facebook and Twitter closely monitor your activity on their site to build up their databases.
Share files anonymously: Avoid using Google Drive and Dropbox. We have already discussed all the privacy issues that come with using a Google service, and Edward Snowden called Dropbox “very hostile to privacy.” If you need to share files with someone, use the open source and anonymous Onion Share.
Do not use your credit card: Every time you pay for a purchase using your credit card, your purchase is recorded. Even if the data is anonymized, attackers can identify you using the totality of your purchases. Moreover, to make a payment with a credit card online, you must give the website your name and address. To protect your privacy, do not use credit cards on- or offline. While purchasing items with Bitcoin is a more private option online, the most anonymous way to conclude any purchase is with cash.
Use a privacy-focused operating system: Tails is to operating systems what the Tor browser is to web browsers: it is the most private and anonymous solution currently available. You can use it on any computer without leaving a trace.
Minimize the personal data you expose offline: To achieve true anonymity, you must also consider which organizations have access to your data offline as well. Most of the steps in the New York Times story mentioned at the top of this article involve removing your information from public databases, like the Department of Motor Vehicles. While this individual went to extremes (not everyone is going to create their own LLC), some of his strategies, like using a basic GPS device (not your smartphone) for directions, making phone calls using temporary phone numbers from a second phone number app, and encrypting your devices, can be used by everyone to protect their private data.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/is-your-email-safe/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-clear-cookies-in-chrome/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-choose-the-best-vpn/
Five essential online security tips for digital nomads
The Internet made it possible for workers in the service economy to do their jobs from any place that has a fast broadband connection. But the Internet also opens up new avenues for criminals and surveillance.
If you’re a digital nomad, are thinking of becoming one, or simply work remotely from time to time, it’s important to take your online security seriously. As a leading data privacy company, we’ve compiled a list of five essential online security tips for digital nomads. With the summer holiday in full swing, now is a good time for everyone to review these guidelines and avoid becoming a victim of the next big data breach.
Be wary of unsolicited messages
Digital nomads receive a lot of unsolicited emails and even WhatsApp messages. Working independently opens up lots of unexpected opportunities, including from strangers and new acquaintances. But some of those “opportunities” may be phishing attacks or social engineering tactics.
You should treat every unsolicited message you receive as a potential attack. Do not click on links or download attachments in emails or text messages unless you know the sender. Sometimes clicking a link or downloading an attachment can lead to ransomware or spyware being installed on your device. Other times, a phishing link disguised as a password reset can prompt you to divulge your username and password to a hacker.
Generally speaking, you should keep sensitive personal information private, including your family members’ names, your date of birth, and your place of birth. Hackers can use this information to log in to your accounts and steal your data.
Learn more: Check out these other email safety tips
Always use your own computer
You may, at some point, find yourself in a bind and need to use a public computer in a library or Internet cafe. We would discourage ever doing this. Public computers can easily be infected with keyloggers that can steal your account credentials or other sensitive information that you type. These computers may also be connected to insecure WiFi networks that are monitoring your activity.
If you must use a computer that isn’t yours, avoid entering any sensitive information. Check the device for suspicious hardware, such as a USB drive, and inspect the list of installed software applications. You can also view the Task Manager of the device to see what programs are running. These solutions aren’t 100% effective though, because a keylogger may be disguised as a legitimate application. It’s best to use your own device for your work.
Use strong, unique passwords
Everyone needs good password habits, but digital nomads should especially take care with their passwords. Being on the move and working in public places can leave you particularly vulnerable to password theft. For example, if you keep your passwords written on pieces of paper, you could easily forget it or leave it exposed if you’re working in a cafe. Shoulder surfing, or people reading your screen or watching you type, is another way an attacker could steal your password when you work in public places.
It’s important to use a unique password for each of your devices and accounts. That way if one account is compromised, the others will remain secure. Passwords should be at least 12 characters or four unusual words if you use a passphrase. For storing all your passwords, we recommend using a trusted password manager (a list of good password managers is contained in the article linked below).
Just as crucial as using strong passwords is enabling two-factor authentication (2FA). With 2FA enabled, you’ll need your username, password, and a one-time code on your device to access your accounts.
Learn more: How to create a strong password
Data security when crossing borders
Digital nomads travel by definition. You may have wondered what can happen to your data while crossing international borders. It turns out that many countries have broad authority to search, confiscate, and break into your devices when you’re trying to enter. Visitors to a country typically have even fewer legal protections than citizens.
There are many legitimate reasons to want to protect your personal or your company’s data from inspection. The best way to protect your data while going through customs is to back it up to the cloud, wipe your devices, and turn them off. Then you can reinstall your data and apps once you’re through immigration. However, while you are going through customs, be polite, comply with commands, and don’t lie (that includes techie tricks to deceive border officers). See our full recommendations in the link below.
Learn more: How to protect your device when crossing borders
Get a trustworthy VPN for digital nomads
A virtual private network (VPN) is an indispensable online security and privacy tool for digital nomads. A VPN has several benefits. First, it protects you from network surveillance, whether you’re concerned about hackers on public WiFi hotspots, or governments or Internet service providers logging your activity. Second, a VPN improves your privacy by masking your true IP address. And third, VPNs break down the barriers of geographical restrictions on content. So whether you’re trying to access Netflix or Hulu securely, bypass state censorship, or use websites as though you were back home, a VPN is like a virtual passport for your device.
But beware: when you connect to a VPN, the company running the VPN service has access to all your browsing activity. So it’s important to choose a trustworthy VPN that has a strict no logs policy and doesn’t monetize your data.
For digital nomads, every day is an adventure. But there’s no need to risk your online security. By following these five online security tips, digital nomads can stay safe while living the dream.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-shop-safely-online/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-watch-netflix-with-a-vpn/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-avoid-throttling-from-isp/
The Internet made it possible for workers in the service economy to do their jobs from any place that has a fast broadband connection. But the Internet also opens up new avenues for criminals and surveillance.
If you’re a digital nomad, are thinking of becoming one, or simply work remotely from time to time, it’s important to take your online security seriously. As a leading data privacy company, we’ve compiled a list of five essential online security tips for digital nomads. With the summer holiday in full swing, now is a good time for everyone to review these guidelines and avoid becoming a victim of the next big data breach.
Be wary of unsolicited messages
Digital nomads receive a lot of unsolicited emails and even WhatsApp messages. Working independently opens up lots of unexpected opportunities, including from strangers and new acquaintances. But some of those “opportunities” may be phishing attacks or social engineering tactics.
You should treat every unsolicited message you receive as a potential attack. Do not click on links or download attachments in emails or text messages unless you know the sender. Sometimes clicking a link or downloading an attachment can lead to ransomware or spyware being installed on your device. Other times, a phishing link disguised as a password reset can prompt you to divulge your username and password to a hacker.
Generally speaking, you should keep sensitive personal information private, including your family members’ names, your date of birth, and your place of birth. Hackers can use this information to log in to your accounts and steal your data.
Learn more: Check out these other email safety tips
Always use your own computer
You may, at some point, find yourself in a bind and need to use a public computer in a library or Internet cafe. We would discourage ever doing this. Public computers can easily be infected with keyloggers that can steal your account credentials or other sensitive information that you type. These computers may also be connected to insecure WiFi networks that are monitoring your activity.
If you must use a computer that isn’t yours, avoid entering any sensitive information. Check the device for suspicious hardware, such as a USB drive, and inspect the list of installed software applications. You can also view the Task Manager of the device to see what programs are running. These solutions aren’t 100% effective though, because a keylogger may be disguised as a legitimate application. It’s best to use your own device for your work.
Use strong, unique passwords
Everyone needs good password habits, but digital nomads should especially take care with their passwords. Being on the move and working in public places can leave you particularly vulnerable to password theft. For example, if you keep your passwords written on pieces of paper, you could easily forget it or leave it exposed if you’re working in a cafe. Shoulder surfing, or people reading your screen or watching you type, is another way an attacker could steal your password when you work in public places.
It’s important to use a unique password for each of your devices and accounts. That way if one account is compromised, the others will remain secure. Passwords should be at least 12 characters or four unusual words if you use a passphrase. For storing all your passwords, we recommend using a trusted password manager (a list of good password managers is contained in the article linked below).
Just as crucial as using strong passwords is enabling two-factor authentication (2FA). With 2FA enabled, you’ll need your username, password, and a one-time code on your device to access your accounts.
Learn more: How to create a strong password
Data security when crossing borders
Digital nomads travel by definition. You may have wondered what can happen to your data while crossing international borders. It turns out that many countries have broad authority to search, confiscate, and break into your devices when you’re trying to enter. Visitors to a country typically have even fewer legal protections than citizens.
There are many legitimate reasons to want to protect your personal or your company’s data from inspection. The best way to protect your data while going through customs is to back it up to the cloud, wipe your devices, and turn them off. Then you can reinstall your data and apps once you’re through immigration. However, while you are going through customs, be polite, comply with commands, and don’t lie (that includes techie tricks to deceive border officers). See our full recommendations in the link below.
Learn more: How to protect your device when crossing borders
Get a trustworthy VPN for digital nomads
A virtual private network (VPN) is an indispensable online security and privacy tool for digital nomads. A VPN has several benefits. First, it protects you from network surveillance, whether you’re concerned about hackers on public WiFi hotspots, or governments or Internet service providers logging your activity. Second, a VPN improves your privacy by masking your true IP address. And third, VPNs break down the barriers of geographical restrictions on content. So whether you’re trying to access Netflix or Hulu securely, bypass state censorship, or use websites as though you were back home, a VPN is like a virtual passport for your device.
But beware: when you connect to a VPN, the company running the VPN service has access to all your browsing activity. So it’s important to choose a trustworthy VPN that has a strict no logs policy and doesn’t monetize your data.
For digital nomads, every day is an adventure. But there’s no need to risk your online security. By following these five online security tips, digital nomads can stay safe while living the dream.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-shop-safely-online/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-watch-netflix-with-a-vpn/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-to-avoid-throttling-from-isp/
How to torrent safely with a VPN
BitTorrent is a specialized peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocol
that reduces the impact of sharing large files on servers and networks.
While torrenting allows you to share large files, it does expose you to
risks. This article explains those risks and what you can do to
mitigate them.
The risks of using BitTorrent
First, anyone you are sharing a file with can see your IP address
(that is, the number assigned to all Internet-connected devices). In
fact, you can see the IP address of everyone in your torrent network —
and everyone can see yours. This puts your privacy at risk because it is
possible to see who is downloading and sharing which files.
Second, while users can only tie torrenting activity to an IP
address, your Internet service provider (ISP) can pair it to your true
identity. Your ISP is the company that connects you to the Internet and
assigns your device its IP address. As long as you are connected to
their network, your ISP can record your Internet activity and connect it
to the name and address on your account. These records can then be
provided to third parties upon request. Furthermore, many ISPs seek to
actively identify and throttle BitTorrent downloads, leading to slower
torrenting speeds.
How to choose a trustworthy VPN for BitTorrent
Using a virtual private network (VPN) is one of the easiest ways to use BitTorrent safely.
Unfortunately, not all VPNs are created equal and your data is not
necessarily protected simply because you are using a VPN. You should
only work with trustworthy VPNs, as your VPN provider has the ability to
see all of your traffic. When evaluating a VPN service, these are the things to look for:
The team providing the service – If you don’t know exactly who runs
the VPN service, it might not be a good idea to trust that VPN provider
with your data.
The location of the VPN provider’s headquarters – Countries without strong data protection laws can legally force
VPN providers to turn over their users’ data to authorities.
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/how-does-a-vpn-work/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/what-are-torrents/
https://www.ritavpn.com/blog/what-is-the-main-difference-between-ipv4-and-ipv6/
Product Name: Alpha GPC powder
L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC),anhydrous
CAS NO.:28319-77-9
DMF# : 29128
Molecular formula: C8H20NO6P
Molecular weight: 257.2213
Purity:50%,80%,98%
Appearance: White fine powder with highly hygroscopic.
Package:1kg,5kg,25kg
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate) is a naturalcholine compound found in the brain and in milk. It is also a parasympathomimeticacetylcholine precursor which may have potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Alpha-GPC is also used as a nootropic dietary supplement to enhance memory and cognition.
1. Increases human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Increases in endogenous human Growth Hormone (hGH) secretion by the anterior pituitary in conjunction with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH); that is, both Alpha-GPC and GHRH act concertedly to stimulate the release of hGH, naturally;
2. More strength from work-outs and training programs
Acts as a precursor of acetylcholine (ACh); thus, Alpha-GPC activates cholinergic transmission which permits the development of more strength from work-outs and training programs, plus reducing levels of somatostatin in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis;
3. Improved lipotrophic functions in the liver
Elevations in blood and tissue levels of the essential nutrient, choline, which supports improved lipotrophic functions (methyl group transferases) in the liver. Research has shown that fatty liver, a condition associated with obesity, diabetes and heavy alcohol consumption, often leads to cirrhosis of the liver or liver failure. Studies conducted by Alan L. Buchman, M.D., associate professor of medicine at The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, have shown that fatty liver can be prevented and possibly even eliminated with increased levels of choline. Alpha-GPC also acts synergistically with the body's store (and/or supplementation) of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or SAMe) and folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 to facilitate methyl group transfers in the brain and liver;
4. Improved balanced and coordination
Produces improved balanced and coordination when combined with 'skill set' practice and training as a result of normalized nerve transmission in the brain, and in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.
L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC),anhydrous
CAS NO.:28319-77-9
DMF# : 29128
Molecular formula: C8H20NO6P
Molecular weight: 257.2213
Purity:50%,80%,98%
Appearance: White fine powder with highly hygroscopic.
Package:1kg,5kg,25kg
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate) is a naturalcholine compound found in the brain and in milk. It is also a parasympathomimeticacetylcholine precursor which may have potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Alpha-GPC is also used as a nootropic dietary supplement to enhance memory and cognition.
1. Increases human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Increases in endogenous human Growth Hormone (hGH) secretion by the anterior pituitary in conjunction with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH); that is, both Alpha-GPC and GHRH act concertedly to stimulate the release of hGH, naturally;
2. More strength from work-outs and training programs
Acts as a precursor of acetylcholine (ACh); thus, Alpha-GPC activates cholinergic transmission which permits the development of more strength from work-outs and training programs, plus reducing levels of somatostatin in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis;
3. Improved lipotrophic functions in the liver
Elevations in blood and tissue levels of the essential nutrient, choline, which supports improved lipotrophic functions (methyl group transferases) in the liver. Research has shown that fatty liver, a condition associated with obesity, diabetes and heavy alcohol consumption, often leads to cirrhosis of the liver or liver failure. Studies conducted by Alan L. Buchman, M.D., associate professor of medicine at The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, have shown that fatty liver can be prevented and possibly even eliminated with increased levels of choline. Alpha-GPC also acts synergistically with the body's store (and/or supplementation) of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or SAMe) and folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 to facilitate methyl group transfers in the brain and liver;
4. Improved balanced and coordination
Produces improved balanced and coordination when combined with 'skill set' practice and training as a result of normalized nerve transmission in the brain, and in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.
Product:CDP-Choline
Synonyms: CDP-choline-Na, CDP-coline
Formula: C14H25N4NaO11P2
Molecular: 510.31
CAS Number: 987-78-0
Description: White powder or crystalline powder, smelless
Content: 99%min
Packing: 1kg, 5 kg/drum or customized
Introduction
CDP-Choline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (Citicoline Sodium ) & cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a psychostimulant/nootropic. It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline. Studies suggest that CDP-choline supplements increase dopamine receptor densities, and suggest that CDP choline supplementation helps prevent memory impairment resulting from poor environmental conditions.Preliminary research has found that citicoline supplements help improve focus and mental energy and may possibly be useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.Citicoline has also been shown to elevate ACTH independently from CRH levels and to amplify the release of other HPA axis hormones such as LH, FSH, GH and TSH in response to hypothalamic releasing factors.These effects on HPA hormone levels may be beneficial for some individuals but may have undesirable effects in those with medical conditions featuring ACTH or cortisol hypersecretion including, but not limited to, PCOS, type II diabetes and major depressive disorder.
Function
1. increase phosphatidylcholine synthesis
2. Reduction of FFA Accumulation
3. Dopaminergic system stimulation
4. Facilitates glutathione reduction activities and glutathione synthesis.
5. Reversing cognitive decline
6. Acute ischemic stroke treatment
Synonyms: CDP-choline-Na, CDP-coline
Formula: C14H25N4NaO11P2
Molecular: 510.31
CAS Number: 987-78-0
Description: White powder or crystalline powder, smelless
Content: 99%min
Packing: 1kg, 5 kg/drum or customized
Introduction
CDP-Choline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (Citicoline Sodium ) & cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a psychostimulant/nootropic. It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline. Studies suggest that CDP-choline supplements increase dopamine receptor densities, and suggest that CDP choline supplementation helps prevent memory impairment resulting from poor environmental conditions.Preliminary research has found that citicoline supplements help improve focus and mental energy and may possibly be useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.Citicoline has also been shown to elevate ACTH independently from CRH levels and to amplify the release of other HPA axis hormones such as LH, FSH, GH and TSH in response to hypothalamic releasing factors.These effects on HPA hormone levels may be beneficial for some individuals but may have undesirable effects in those with medical conditions featuring ACTH or cortisol hypersecretion including, but not limited to, PCOS, type II diabetes and major depressive disorder.
Function
1. increase phosphatidylcholine synthesis
2. Reduction of FFA Accumulation
3. Dopaminergic system stimulation
4. Facilitates glutathione reduction activities and glutathione synthesis.
5. Reversing cognitive decline
6. Acute ischemic stroke treatment
Citicoline Sodium, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline
(CDP-Choline) & cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a
psychostimulant/nootropic. It is an intermediate in the generation of
phosphatidylcholine from choline. Studies suggest that CDP-choline
supplements increase dopamine receptor densities, and suggest that CDP
choline supplementation helps prevent memory impairment resulting from
poor environmental conditions.Nootropics Powder
Preliminary research has found that citicoline supplements help improve focus and mental energy and may possibly be useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.Citicoline has also been shown to elevate ACTH independently from CRH levels and to amplify the release of other HPA axis hormones such as LH, FSH, GH and TSH in response to hypothalamic releasing factors.These effects on HPA hormone levels may be beneficial for some individuals but may have undesirable effects in those with medical conditions featuring ACTH or cortisol hypersecretion including, but not limited to, PCOS, type II diabetes and major depressive disorder.
Preliminary research has found that citicoline supplements help improve focus and mental energy and may possibly be useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.Citicoline has also been shown to elevate ACTH independently from CRH levels and to amplify the release of other HPA axis hormones such as LH, FSH, GH and TSH in response to hypothalamic releasing factors.These effects on HPA hormone levels may be beneficial for some individuals but may have undesirable effects in those with medical conditions featuring ACTH or cortisol hypersecretion including, but not limited to, PCOS, type II diabetes and major depressive disorder.
Product name: Carphedon powder / Phenylpiracetam
Purity:99%
Chemical name: 4-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidone-1-acetamide; 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
CAS:77472-70-9
MF: C12H14N2O2
Appearance: off-white crystalline powder
1.Henylpiracetam, is a Phenylpiracetam product with nootropic* effects. Experimental studies have proved it to be effective in improving memory and learning capacity.
2.This medicine has a sedative effect, which does not influence the activity of the autonomous nervous system. Its action is mildly disinhibitory and antidepressant.
3.Phenylpiracetam is a nootropic drug derived from piracetam, and is more potent (i.e. lower dosage is used). It belongs to the racetam family of nootropics.
4.Phenylpiraceta was developed by Parke-Davis based on Piracetam, and is 8-30 times stronger than Piracetam. It goes by the trade name Neupramir or Pramistar
Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil, Carphedon) is a derivative of the nootropic drug piracetam.
Used as a nootropic drug that can be up to 30-60 times more potent than piracetam.
Purity:99%
Chemical name: 4-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidone-1-acetamide; 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
CAS:77472-70-9
MF: C12H14N2O2
Appearance: off-white crystalline powder
1.Henylpiracetam, is a Phenylpiracetam product with nootropic* effects. Experimental studies have proved it to be effective in improving memory and learning capacity.
2.This medicine has a sedative effect, which does not influence the activity of the autonomous nervous system. Its action is mildly disinhibitory and antidepressant.
3.Phenylpiracetam is a nootropic drug derived from piracetam, and is more potent (i.e. lower dosage is used). It belongs to the racetam family of nootropics.
4.Phenylpiraceta was developed by Parke-Davis based on Piracetam, and is 8-30 times stronger than Piracetam. It goes by the trade name Neupramir or Pramistar
Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil, Carphedon) is a derivative of the nootropic drug piracetam.
Used as a nootropic drug that can be up to 30-60 times more potent than piracetam.